There are many different items that need to be powered up in Once Human, like stations at your base, machines to run, and even turrets to defend yourself. It is important to have different energy at your disposal, like Storage Batteries, to keep everything running at tiptop condition.
Storage Batteries are very important portable batteries that are used to power up certain tools in the game, such as chainsaws that help you chop down trees at a much more improved rate than a simple axe. You will, however, need to use a fair amount of Ciphers to progress down the Memetic tree to unlock this item, along with a good amount of resources to craft it.